DBQ for AP US History Essay - 2093 Words

Chapter 6: The Duel for North America 1. Why was the French Empire ultimately so much less successful than either the Spanish or the British Empires? The French were less successful then both the Spanish and the British because they were late to jump to the gun on the race to claim land in the new world, by time the French stared colonizing the new world the British had already settled on the east coast, and the Spanish in south America, so basically they had to take what is now known as Canada by default, because that is all that was left. 2. If France, instead of Britain, had won the â€Å"duel for North America,† would the thirteen colonies ever have become independent of Britain, or would they have been forced to stay within the†¦show more content†¦3. Were all the American grievances really justified, or were the British actually being more reasonable than most Americans have traditionally believed? Yes, they were justifiable, America was getting protection and a steady business partner, furthering their economic boom, when Britain put the taxes on American products, America had over reacted a bit, it was a small increase in the price of goods, but it was enough to cause hoopla over. 4. What was the Revolutionary movement, at its core, really all about? Was it about the amount of taxation, the right of Parliament to tax, the political corruption of Britain and the virtue of America, the right of a king to govern America, or the colonies’ growing sense of national identity apart from Britain? Was the Revolution truly a radical overturning of government and society—the usual definition of a revolution—or something far more limited or even conservative in its defense of traditional rights? The American Revolution was about America wanting to secede from Britain, to govern themselves as a new union, the United States of America, it would negate any ties they had to Britain and would solve the taxation without representation, No, the American Revolution was not a radical overturn of government, it was America fighting for their freedom of Britain so they could be one union instead of always referred to as the colonies, to get rid of the relentless taxes that were beingShow MoreRelatedAP Us History DBQ977 Words   |  4 PagesDBQ American expansionism in the late 19th century and early 20th century was, to a large extent, a continuation of past United States expansionism, while also departing with previous expansionism in some aspects. During the period of time between the late 19th century and early 20th century, America was going through significant changes. After a revolution in Cuba against the Spanish, as well as the Americans starting the Spanish-American War, the Americans received several territorial concessionsRead Moreap us history dbq1672 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿1.All of the following statements are true about Herbert Hoover’s responses to the Great Depression EXCEPT: B.:-) He saw the Depression as akin to an act of nature, about which nothing could be done except to ride it out. 2.Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal program attempted or achieved all of the following EXCEPT C.:-) supported the creation of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. 3.The â€Å"New Immigration† was made up primarily of D.:-) persons from Southern and Eastern Europe. Read MoreAp Us History Dbq Essay730 Words   |  3 PagesBesides all the other growing issues from 1700-1800 in American History, there was one rising above all. The enslavement of the African people. 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Domino Theory, eco/mil aid to Southern Viet to build stable/anti communist state. G. SEATO, helped strengthen anti-communist countries. H. Eisenhower Doctrine, aid to anyRead MoreAp Us History Unit 1 Dbq999 Words   |  4 PagesIn the years leading up to the American revolution it was evident that a new identity was developing for colonist. Stemming from the Seven Year’s colonists were slowly discovering a new way of viewing the mother country and themselves. By the eve of the American revolution most colonist had adopted the identity of British citizens fighting to protect their liberties. A strong bond of unity can be seen from colonists’ shared opinions and agreed course of action, while a large loyalist population supportsRead MoreDbq Era of Good Feeling Ap Us History Essay717 Words   |  3 PagesThe period after the war of 1812 was labeled â€Å"The Era of Good Feeling† by historians. Some people believe that this is an accurate label of this time period, but others disagree. 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Up to that point many government officials preached to America the great strategy of neutrality especially the president of the time Wilson. At the beginning of WWI inRead MoreEssay on The Effects of Imperialism1278 Words   |  6 PagesNAME DATE PERIOD ESSAY DBQ: Effects of Imperialism AP WORLD HISTORY Document-Based Question: Effects of Imperialism Directions: The following question is based on the accompanying Documents 1- 13 (The documents have been edited for the purpose of this exercise.) This question is designed to test your ability to work with and understand historical documents. Write an essay that: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Has a relevant thesis and supports that thesis with evidence from the documents. Uses all or all but

Culture Challenge For Global Companies - 1432 Words

Culture Challenge for Global Companies Relating to Social Media Tiffany Johnson MSM 6630 Management Information Systems for Leaders Troy University Contents Abstract 1 Introduction to Social Media 2 Social Media Hindrances and Overcoming Barriers 3 References 5 Abstract Social media has had a significant impact on society in the past few years. It provides free communication to family members, old college friends and networking opportunities. Social media is constantly improving, constantly changing, and adapting to what the consumer wants. Social is a medium that business can also tap into free advertising, brand awareness and a customer service platform. Social media plans for a company needs to have a goal that can be measured. The fast pace of change and frequent emergence of new social platforms and tactics means you need to define your priorities and stay disciplined in pursuit of those priorities (Funk, 2013). With so many possibilities, how could social media be a bad thing? It is not that social media is bad, but trying to target social media in one way would not be advantageous for a company. Social media platforms are just as unique as the users of the platform. Users pick the platform for certain reasons. Some may find pictures more appealing and chose Instagram, while others my find few words more satisfying which would lead them to joining Twitter. Facebook is the most commonly used site. All of the platforms are slowly becomingShow MoreRelatedMultinational Companies: Culture Difference in Organizations1250 Words   |  5 PagesCulture Difference in Organization. It has been seen over decades the rise of the multinational companies in the global world. It has affected the world in such a way that few of the multinational company’s income are more than the counties national income. This clearly explain you the effect of the globalisation. 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Word count: 2203 What are the major challenges for marketers in marketing products globally, and how have they been addressed? This essay will look some of the biggest challenges that marketers have had to face to market their products in a global environment and how they have addressed these challenges. It will also highlight some of the benefitsRead MoreGlobal Business Challenges Of New Zealand Essay1112 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Business Challenges Businesses competing in New Zealand and in the global arena, have to face many challenges in order to be successful. There is a vast range of challenges that businesses have to face which are considered, the major business challenges. These challenges can be faced by firms operating in New Zealand and firms that are operating on a global scale. Listed are some of these challenges. 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Definition of Multi-National Corporation 2. Cultures and Norms 3. Management Style and Culture Shock 4. Management Style of a Multi-National Corporation : Toyota Motors 5. Ethical and Economic challenges faced Multinational Corporation A Multinational corporation is a corporation that does business in two or more countries. It has its home base in its own country

Haunukkah Free Essays

Hanukkah is an eight day Jewish holiday commemorating the rededication of the holy temple in Jerusalem at the time of the Maccabean revolt of the second century BCE. This holiday is observed for eight nights and eight days, starting at the 25th day of Kislev according to the Hebrew calendar. Which is around late November or late December according to the Gregorian calendar. We will write a custom essay sample on Haunukkah or any similar topic only for you Order Now This museum exhibit will have paintings, artifacts and accurate information on Hanukkah. I will also include all the Jewish holidays to show where Hanukkah falls in theses major events in history. It is important for me to give credit to all the events that gave way to Hanukkah not only before but after Hanukkah. The second Jewish temple was an important Jewish holy temple which stood on the temple mount in Jerusalem during the second temple period, between 516 BCE and 70 CE. It replaced the first temple which was destroyed in 586 BCE, when the Jewish nation was exiled to Babylon. The destruction of the second temple and its plunder by the Roman Legions marked the beginning of the Israel’s long exile, which ended the birth of the state of Israel. The Hanukkah menorah is, strictly speaking, a nine-branched candelabrum lit during the eight-day holiday of Hanukkah, as opposed to the seven-branched menorah used in the ancient Temple or as a symbol. The ninth holder, called the Shamash (â€Å"helper† or â€Å"servant†), is for a candle used to light all other candles and/or to be used as an extra light. The menorah is among the most widely produced articles of Jewish ceremonial art. The seven-branched menorah is a traditional symbol of Judaism. The Star of David is a six-pointed star made up of two triangles superimposed over each other. In Judaism it is often called the Magen David, which means the â€Å"shield of David† in Hebrew. It doesn’t have any religious significance in Judaism but it is one of the symbols most commonly associated with the Jewish people. Many Jews wear jewelry with the Star of David as part of the design and the flag of Israel has a blue Star of David in the center. In many ways it has come to be a symbol of unity. Hanukkah food is rooted in tradition and almost all Hanukkah recipes stem from the history associated with it. Traditional Hanukkah foods include ried or baked foods as the festival itself celebrates the miracle of a small amount of olive oil burning for eight long days. Potato pancakes popularly known by its Yiddish name, Latkes are an all-time favorite and these Hanukah foods are prepared by deep frying it in oil preferably olive oil. A dreidel is a four-sided spinning top with a Hebrew letter on each side. It is used during Hanukkah to play a popular childrenâ€⠄¢s game that involves spinning the dreidel and betting on which Hebrew letter will be showing when the dreidel stops spinning. Reference (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Hanukkah (n. d. ). Retrieved from www. templeinstitute. org/gallery_32. htm (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Menorah_(Hanukkah) Pelaia, A. (n. d. ). Does the Star of David have religious significance in Judaism? Retrieved from http://judaism. about. com/od/judaismbasics/a/starofdavid. htm Pelaia, A. (n. d. ). What is a dreidel? . Retrieved from http://judaism. about. com/od/holidays/a/dreidel. htm How to cite Haunukkah, Papers

Tea House Business Plan free essay sample

Teapot will offer a hip, relaxing, and healthy alternative to the oversaturated coffeehouse concept. Teapot will create an irresistible place to drop in and relax, meet with friends, or get work done in a warm and comfortable atmosphere with consistently top-notch customer service. Our products and services will include a wide variety of high quality black, green, white teas, herbal infusions, and several teas specially blended for Teapot. The tea menu will highlight beverages that provide particular benefits, such as immune-boosting antioxidants, meditative blends, enlightening mental focus blends, and mind and body healing blends. Whether a customer is looking to get work done, unwind and relax, or is seeking a refreshing pick-me-up when their energy lags , Teapot will offer just the right concoction. Our teatenders will be thoroughly trained in perfectly brewing delicious cups of tea to order, but will be highly trained in teaology, which will allow them to help recommend just the right blend to customers. Beverage sweeteners will include honey and other natural sweeteners, in addition to the traditional sugar and artificial sweeteners. The menu will also feature a variety of quick-service healthy meals and snacks, traditional tea pastries and finger sandwiches. All beverages and menu items will available for eat-in or to go. The shop will also offer a selection of signature tea blends, herbal tinctures, teapots for sale. Using these products and services as a starting point, the store will continue to modify its menu and services as driven by the demands of our clients. The store can be operated with a minimum of staff, requiring only 3-4 personnel during the busiest of times, and one or two at others. As it is highly computerized, inventory tracking and the creation of a customer database will be simple and effective. Our business concept differs significantly from cafes due to its emphasis on serving healthy fare and providing an atmosphere that is to linger even after a meal, whether for socializing, working, or simply relaxing. Like other cafes, Teapot invites people to linger and provides free Wi-Fi so people can bring their laptop computers and work. Unlike the coffeehouse chains, however, Teapot offers a more substantial menu and a much broader selection of teas with a healthy beverage focus that coffee simply cannot compete with. Business Definition Teapot will be a tea bar offering a variety of healthful, high-quality teas and quick-service healthy cuisines in a hip, casual atmosphere. We will offer approximately 20 different teas at a time, each with various mental or health benefits accompanied by a variety of quick yet healthful meals and snacks. In addition to the food and beverage menu items, our product mix will include tea-related items, such as loose leaf teas, tea-infused chocolates, teapots and other tea-related accessories. Our goals by the end of the year are to be profitable and to be a well-established tea bar and cafe in the community. The tea bar will be open seven days a week, we will offer the following unique services for tea lovers not offered by any of our competitors: * Tea tastings and tea classes held at the cafe to draw in potential customers and teach them about the pleasures and health benefits of tea. Healthy cooking demonstrations with recipes using Teapot teas will be held once a month with free recipes and a discount on the featured teas. * Comfy chairs and couches: Although many cafes and diners frown upon customers lingering after theyve finished their beverage or meal, we encourage it because we believe it creates customer loyalty. Several chairs and couches will be arranged throughout the store for group meetings as well as individuals * Quality : Only the finest quality fresh teas and healthy restaurant-quality cuisine will be served Approximately two-thirds of floor space will be dedicated to the cafe, including the serving area and customer lounge. The retail items will be arranged near the entrance and order counter so that customers waiting in line or waiting to be rung up will be more likely to make purchases or will see them as they are leaving and decide to bring a bit of the Teapot experience home with them. The checkout area will include a cash desk, POS system, computer/cash register system, and merchandise displays. A private area at the rear of the store will include a small storage space, staff washroom, and owners office. Description of the Industry Tea-drinking is a long-standing Turkish tradition and the country is not only a large tea consumer but also a leading tea producer. With a population of over 70 million and a relatively less advanced economy, Turkey is the fastest growing consumer market in Europe. The rapid economic expansion and an increasingly affluent population enable the Turks to purchase higher-valued consumer goods and raise the standard of living. As is the case in other Western European markets, the health and wellness trend is also influencing consumersers choice of beverages in Turkey. Fruit/herbal tea has been the most dynamic category, with retail volume sales growing by 38% between 1997 and 2004. The major consumers for fruit/herbal tea are the young and urban people. I believe there is a need for a healthy, comfortable, classy and casual tea houses as we are a tea country. Strenghts| Weaknesses| * Emphasis on health * Lower costs amp; prices than coffee * High quality products * Personalized service and guidance on custome selections * Upscale image| * Requires a lot of capital to be a well-established and distinctive cafe * Lack of marketing and advertising at the beginning| Opportunities| Threats| Almost no direct competitors as in other tea houses, only coffeehouses * Can offer new products, new types of teas from all over world| * Strong competitors (coffeehouses like starbucks etc.. ) who have superior access to distribution channels * People can perceive our cafe as one of the ordinary cafes that you can find on every corner | Projected P/L Statement | Ye ar 1| Year 2| Year 3| Year 4| Year 5| Sales| 679. 858| 728. 920| 798. 714| 863. 347| 933. 209| Total Cost of Sales| 276. 885| 293. 498| 322. 848| 355. 133| 390. 46| Gross Margin| 402. 973| 435. 422| 475. 866| 508. 214| 542. 563| Expenses| Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Payroll| 144. 000| 158. 400| 174. 240| 191. 664| 210. 830| Marketing/Promotion| 18. 900| 21. 000| 21. 000| 21. 000| 21. 000| Depreciation| 4. 830| 4. 830| 4. 830| 4. 830| 4. 830| Rent| 72. 000| 79. 200| 87. 120| 95. 832| 105. 415| Utilities| 22. 428| 22. 960| 24. 080| 25. 255| 26. 487| Insurance| 17. 500| 17. 500| 17. 500| 17. 500| 17. 500| Total Operating Expenses| 279. 658| 303. 890| 328. 770| 356. 081| 386. 062| Profit Before Interest and Taxes| 123. 15| 131. 532| 147. 096| 152. 133| 156. 501| Interest Expense| 4. 393| 3. 649| 2. 793| 1. 809| 676| Taxes Incurred| 24. 663| 26. 306| 29. 419| 30. 427| 31. 300| Net Profit| 94. 259| 101. 577| 114. 884| 119. 898| 124. 525| Net Profit/Sales| 13,86%| 13,94%| 14,38%| 13,89%| 13,34%| Cash Flow Statement | Year 1| Year 2| Year 3| Year 4| Year 5| Cash Received| 679. 858| 738. 920| 798. 714| 863. 347| 933. 209| Expenditures| | | | | | Cash Spending| 222. 617| 238. 955| 260. 647| 284. 485| 310. 683| Bill Payments| 333. 926| 358. 433| 390. 71| 426. 728| 466. 025| Long-term Liabilities Principal Repayment| 11. 197| 11. 197| 11. 197| 11. 197| 11. 197| Subtotal Cash Spent| 567. 740| 608. 585| 662. 815| 722. 410| 787. 905| Net Cash Flow| 112. 118| 130. 335| 135. 899| 140. 937| 145. 305| Return on investment calculation (Net profit/Investment) = 1,17 Payback Period = 10 months Risks As with any business venture, there are risks associated with opening this food and beverage service establishment. One possibility is that a tea room or other tea bar will open in the area. In this kind of event, we will have the advantage of being the first such business in the area, and thus, will have the first opportunity to establish ourselves in the community and build a solid reputation and loyal customer base. There is always the possibility that our target sales will not be achieved for the year. We will closely monitor revenues on a daily, weekly, and monthly basis to ensure that our sales targets are being reached, and if they are not, we will make every effort to discover why not and correct any issues we discover. Start-up capital will carry the stores expenses through the first three months of operations. It is possible the trend on health and wellness may vanish, and customers may want mostly black tea only, which will hurt our image on being distinctive, though it seems unlikely in near future. [ 1 ]. With 40. 000 TL start-up capital and also with another 40. 000 TL loan with 0. 98 interest with to be paid in 5 years.

Anabolic Steriods essays

Anabolic Steriods essays A new form of drug abuse is spreading in the nations gyms and health clubs among men and women seeking physical dexterity rather than a narcotic high. Anabolic Steroids are man made versions of the human testosterone, which aids growth of muscles, bone and skin. The use of Anabolic Steroids has greatly increased over the past few years (since 1991). It has been mainly among young teenage boys, but now its becoming popular among the young teenage girls as well. Theyre legally prescribed for things such as treating delayed puberty, but theyre often illegally obtained by athletes trying to build muscle mass. Young athletes who mess with anabolic steroids to build muscle mass are messing up their bodies, big time. Doctors agree that there becomes an increase in strength, but it also comes at a very serious price. Males usually face premature balding, impotence, reduce sperm count, breast enlargement and shrunken testicles, and in harsh cases, there is sometimes the affect of aggressive behavior. Physicians say that men use the steroids more than women because the results are visible in just weeks rather than spending months or even years in drug-free training to gain substantial muscle bulk in their arms, chest and legs. Teenage boys have been drawn to anabolic steroids recently to attract the eye on young women. Its the deal of would you rather be Clark Kent, or Superman? They do it for cosmetic reasons; they want to walk into a room and see peoples jaws drop. Researchers say that its the old story of the kid getting sand kicked in his face and the guy with the big arms and chest coming by and stealing his girlfriend that has some truth to it. Adolescent girls can face abnormalities of their menstrual cycle, stunted height, severe acne, shrinkage of the breasts male hair growth, male-patterned baldness and deepening of the voice. More and more y ...

That Luscious Salagubang Essays

That Luscious Salagubang Essays That Luscious Salagubang Paper That Luscious Salagubang Paper My father is a small time farmer who has a taste for exotic foods. Each month, he has a list of rare recipes. For example, last January, he caught a big monitor lizard which he cooked into an aromatic adobo. I never tried to imagine myself the secrets of his cooking and the condiments that excited our nostrils with that mouth-watering aroma. My tour in the kitchen did not end there. In our typical nipa hut with an adjoining shelter as kitchen, I used to notice a foot-long bamboo receptacle resembling a rain maker hung on the wall, bound with abaca rope long enough to be tied around my waist. I asked mother what was it and she told me it was a salagubang container. It had a matching cover made out of wider-girth bamboo. Ah, that luscious salagubang! I am only able to taste you once a year. The last time was in May. Summer rain came in great volumes. Soon planting corn began and my odyssey to eating salagubang started. Father told me that a good catch usually occur during good weather. One evening, he walked with my two older brothers, Earl, 21 and Joe, 19 towards the usual cornfield where I helped my brothers pick up white grubs during December when plowing the field for second cropping season, to catch some salagubang. They brought with them catching nets attached to wooden handles and patiently swung them to where the insects landed and flocked. Then they grab as many beetles as they can and put them in their container. At home after their hunting, Brother Earl had seventy-five and Brother Joe had fifty while father had one hundred. The next morning, we all gathered in the kitchen table with two long benches on both sides carefully watching four pairs of hands grasping beetles from the salagubang container where the insects were still crawling on top of each other, and then skillfully snapping the wings and the six legs of each insect. The dressed beetles were soon placed in a tin basin. I almost did not close my eyes, did not even manage to wink for a few seconds just to unravel the truth behind the tempting smell as I watched with awe how my father cooked the salagubang. After washing, he boiled the beetles in approximately one-half cup of water and allowed them to dry in the casserole. Sooner he put the frying pan over the stove and put three tablespoons of margarine or butter. The butter allowed melting; he put the minced garlic and onions and waited to become golden brown then sauteed the beetles, adding pinches of salt and black pepper to taste. We had a scrumptious dinner. I ate as many as I can of these delicious beetles. I felt an unusual sensation as I took a bite at its head, which made me crave for another at the abdomen then after, I continued chewing the whole thing in my mouth and swallowed it well with satisfaction. After eating, I could still remember the inviting smell and the buttery, salty taste of this crunchy little creature I just consumed. I still could not move on from its unusual flavor that played inside my mouth which fulfilled the desire of my taste buds. Ah, that luscious salagubang! I hope to taste you once again.

Drawing on observations from the Polish-German borderland, critically Essay

Drawing on observations from the Polish-German borderland, critically examine the effects which Europeanisation - or EU-isation - Essay Example Once this has been done, the impacts that Europeanisation has had upon the Polish-German borderland will then be highlighted and both the advantages and disadvantages of closed borders will be discussed. Applicable text books, journal articles and online databases will be accessed by conducting both a library and online search. Once the evaluation has been made, an appropriate conclusion will then be drawn, demonstrating that Europeanisation does significantly affect the borderness nature of Eastern Europe. Main Body Europeanisation is a process of change whereby a non-European subject adopts various European features. This has been defined as â€Å"a process involving; construction, diffusion and institutionalisation of formal and informal rules, procedures, policy paradigms and shared beliefs† (Cini, 2007: 407). The European features are initially defined and consolidated within the policy process of the EU and subsequently incorporated into domestic structures. This effecti vely creates a borderless world which was identified by Ohmae (1990: 172) when he stated that; â€Å"national borders have effectively disappeared and, along with them, the economic logic that made them useful lines of demarcation in the first place.† Despite this contention, borders are still greatly important in helping to develop regions that are divided by state boundaries and also for analysing modern geography relating to politics and economics (Nelles and Walther, 2011: 6). They also form part of an ideology and help to demonstrate the limits associated with territorial ownership and control (Herrschel, 2011: 173). They have a significance beyond economics, since borders in all areas of life affect the ways that people perceive themselves and their role in the world: â€Å"Borders are integral to human behaviour – they are a product of the need for order, control and protection in human life and they reflect our contending desires for sameness and difference, f or a marker between ‘us’ and ‘them’.† (O’Dowd, 2002: 14-15). Borders are therefore vital in helping to distinguish different identifies, and yet since the 1989 Revolutions; borders within the EU have undergone some important transformations. Both the re-bordering and de-bordering of the EU has taken place and these processes vastly complicate the ways that people view their own local, regional and national identities. Whilst this proliferation of identities may seem contradictory, greater flexibility now exists for people to step outside both the mental and physical limitations of previous decades. As the example of the Russian-Finnish border has shown, some dimensions of border transformation are relatively easy to implement, while others remain relatively impervious to new rulings, even at the national and international level. This is because â€Å"boundaries are understood as institutions and symbols that are produced and reproduced in soci al practices and discourses† (Paasi, 1999:669). It is this level of symbolic meanings, passed on from person to person through social interaction that is so vital for the successful advance of Europeanisation. Without this level of social engagement to aid with transformation of the deeper significance attached to the border location, any amount of administrative

Statement of Needs for a Grant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Statement of Needs for a Grant - Essay Example Majority of the new cases of breast cancer are associated with lack of awareness and inability to obtain proper medical attention. Researchers have proposed that the only way to prevent breast cancer is to launch a prevention plan that would facilitate public education. In this light, this statement of need for a breast cancer prevention project is a relevant idea. The economic impact of breast cancer has far reaching effects. When women suffer from breast cancer, they are scheduled for a treatment program in which they visit the relevant hospitals. With the current population of working women, this will mean the absence in their respective workplaces and wastage of working days. In a year, a woman may lose over a week out of work to attend the demands of her treatment plans. In financial terms, treatment of breast cancer is expensive and has a wide range of financial implications. First, women with breast cancers have to pay for their treatment and this will reduce their incentive to invest. As such, their productivity becomes limited and their families may suffer financial loss. Those with insurance plans will have to pay for the extra expenses and this has equal consequences on the financial aspect of the family. Women covered under family insurance plans are compelled to remain within unpleasant marriages to secure their treatment. From th is point of view, starting a breast cancer prevention plan will have a lot of financial benefits of the society. The World Health Organization (2013) has asserted that it is possible for the save the lives of many people in the society if a prevention plan is launched. Over 89% of the people who have been diagnosed with cancer in the last 5 years are still alive due to effective cancer management plans. This group also estimates that over 50% of the cases of cancer can be avoided if proper awareness in created and

Write how Jamaica Kincaid uses satire, sarcasm, irony, and similes in Essay

Write how Jamaica Kincaid uses satire, sarcasm, irony, and similes in her book, A Small Place - Essay Example ng, a piece of rubbish pausing here and there to gaze at this and taste that, and it will never occur to you that the people who inhabit the place in which you have just paused cannot stand you, that behind their closed doors they laugh at your strangeness. [Kancaid 17] Kincaid see them as people who are quite insensitive. Kincaid also ironically criticizes the English empire by stating that the English came to rescue Antigua. On the other hand, it is clear that she does not appreciate the invasion by the ‘White men’ (Kincaid 30). Kincaid sarcastically refers to tourists as ugly and fat. She refers to them as ugly due to the way they use poor people for their pleasure. She sees their bodies as fat exposed at the beach. According to her, the scarcity of rainfall is a necessity for the people of Antigua while this acts as an attraction to the tourists. She sees it as that, a tourist would enjoy a clear sky without rainfall not caring what effects it would have on the natives of Antigua. On the other hand, she seems to think that tourists romanticize on the poor state of living of the poor, seeing their poor homes and tattered clothing as picturesque. According to Kincaid, tourists see their pit toilets as pleasing to the eye (Kincaid 17). Kincaid criticizes the colonial education while she herself is a product of the same. She satirically claims that the young people of Antigua are not as educated as she was in her days. She clearly states that, they are poorly spoken, ignorant and have devoted themselves to the American lifestyle. She criticizes their school system claiming that, the same British government that once colonized them has taken over their culture and brainwashed the people of Antigua. Kincaid feels bad that the people of Antigua now admire the people who ones colonized them. Kincaid openly criticizes the reader claiming that, the reader also has taken part in the moral ugliness of the tourism. She clearly enjoys having the reader feel very

The uniform application of Community Law

The uniform application of Community Law Title: The uniform application of Community law can never be achieved because it is too easy for national courts to decide important points of Community law for themselves. Critically evaluate the above statement. Introduction Given that the European Union of 2006 consists of 25 different states, which operate under (more than)[1] 25 different legal systems and court structures based on different heritages and subject to different political and socio-economic pressures it is certainly appropriate to concede that the uniform application of Community law is a tall order. That said however, in law it is always dangerous to use the word never. Supremacy of EC Law It is first worth making the point that all forms of EC law prevail over all forms national law. Cases such as Van Gend en Loos[2] and Costa v ENEL[3] gave the European Court of Justice the opportunity to make this fundamental principle clear in the early days of the EEC in the 1960s. The sovereignty of EC law, now largely accepted by courts around the EC, underpins the Community’s pursuit of the goal of uniform application. As confirmed by cases such as Defrenne v Sabena[4] the principle of direct effect operates alongside the supremacy rule to facilitate and encourage the uniform application of EC law in the courts of the member states. Article 234 EC Article 234 of the Treaty of Rome sets down a procedure vital to the consistent application of Community law. The Article provides: â€Å"The Court of Justice shall have jurisdiction to give preliminary rulings concerning: (a) the interpretation of this Treaty (b) the validity and interpretation of acts of the institutions of the Community and of the ECB; (c) the interpretation of the statues of bodies established by an act of Council, where those statutes so provide. Where such a question is raised before any court or tribunal of a Member State, that court or tribunal may, if it considers that a decision on the question is necessary to enable it to give judgment, request the Court of Justice to give a ruling thereon. Where any such question is raised in a case pending before a court or tribunal of a Member State against whose decisions there is no judicial remedy under national law, that court or tribunal shall bring the matter before the Court of Justice.† First, it is clear from the above that national courts do not possess the jurisdiction to rule on the validity of acts of the EC institutions. As Foto-Frost v Hauptzollampt[5] confirms, all such questions must be referred to the Court of Justice and it is argued that this goes some way to ensure the harmonious application of EC law in the member states. The Article 234 mechanism ensures that ambiguous questions of EU law can be referred to the Court of Justice for an authoritative answer and its importance in the EC legal order is hard to overstate. Clearly without such a procedure the courts of the different member states could and almost certainly would resolve issues of EU law slightly and perhaps sometimes wildly differently. Article 234 allows questions to be referred from the lower courts of the member states at the discretion of those courts and importantly it imposes a mandatory duty on the supreme courts in each member state to refer questions of EU law to the European Court. In theory this procedure ensures that EU law is both interpreted and applied in a uniform manner across the Community. The duty imposed on courts of the last resort to refer questions of EU law to the Court of Justice is obviously important, because there is no further domestic appeal from such courts. The duty was confirmed inter alia, in the case Gaston Schul[6]. The CILFIT ruling[7] stipulated that the duty to refer under what is now Article 234[8] did not apply where: (a) the question of EU law is not relevant to the domestic proceedings; (b) the provision has already been interpreted by the Court of Justice and the answer is clear even though the circumstances of the current case may not be identical; (c) the correct interpretation of the law is so obvious as to leave no room for reasonable doubt. In the early days of the EEC, when the national courts of the member states were still struggling with the notion of a supreme Community law, many decisions in the UK and other member states such as Germany and Italy indicated a more lax approach to the use of what is now the Article 234 procedure. In HP Bulmer Ltd V Bollinger SA[9] Lord Denning suggested a reference would only be necessary if it was deemed to be conclusive to a judgment. Such cases do not represent the law today, having been undermined by the definitive CILFIT ruling, which has been endorsed and applied in many subsequent rulings: Intermodal Transports BV v Staatssecretaris van Financià «n.[10] It should also be noted that the European Court’s predisposition towards contextual and purposive interpretation designed to buttress and sometimes even proactively increase the efficacy of EC law is readily apparent in this field. In Broekmeulen v Huisarts Registratie Commissie[11] the question was whether the appeal committee of a medical body constituted a â€Å"court or tribunal† under the terms of Article 234. The Court of Justice held that it was imperative to ensure the proper functioning of Community law that it should get the opportunity to rule on references from as many forms of body as possible and thus included the committee in question within the notional ambit of â€Å"court or tribunal† in the context of Article 234. This general judicial policy, if consistently pursued, bodes well for the harmonious application of Community law. Concluding Comments It is submitted that to assert that the uniform application of Community law can never be achieved because it is too easy for national courts to decide important points of Community law for themselves is an unduly negative stance to take. It is undeniably difficult to achieve the perfectly uniform application of Community law in the circumstances in which the EU finds itself, and doubtless as the boundaries of the Union extend, both in geographic and legislative terms, the task of ensuring uniform application will become ever more exacting. However, the legislative mechanisms to guarantee the consistent application of Community law are in place and the Court of Justice has proved itself committed to the role of policing the application of EU law and enthusiastic in the fulfilment of that end. Inevitably teething troubles will persist as legal systems are slow to adapt to change and generally resistant to external reform but as each year passes it is predicted that Community law will enjoy more consistent interpretation and application on the foundations of rigorous jurisprudence delivered by the European Court. Perfect uniformity may never be achieved, but then where in life is perfection possible? Effective uniformity is an achievable end, and it is submitted that EU law will in time achieve this. THE END WORD COUNT: 1132 (word count for answer only exceeded word limit to account only for the reproduction of Article 234 in full) BIBLIOGRAPHY Craig De Burca, EU law Text, Cases and Materials (Oxford University Press: 2003) Steiner Woods, Textbook on EC Law (Oxford University Press: 2003) Stephen Weatherill, Cases and Materials on EU Law, (Oxford University Press: 2004) Treaty of Rome (as amended) 1 Footnotes [1] For example in the United Kingdom distinct legal systems operate in England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. [2] Case 26/62. [3] Case 6/64. [4] Case 43/75. [5] Case 314/85. [6] C-461/03. [7] Case 283/81. [8] Formerly Article 177 EC. [9] [1974] Ch 401. [10] Case C-495/03. [11] Case 246/80.

Imperialism Essay -- essays research papers

Imperialism was reborn in the West with the emergence of the modern nation-state and the age of exploration and discovery. It is to this modern type of empire building that the term imperialism is quite often restricted. Colonies were established not only in more or less sparsely inhabited places where there were few or no highly integrated native states (e.g., North America and Africa) but also in lands where ancient civilizations and states existed (e.g., India, Malaya, Indonesia, and the Inca lands of South America). The emigration of European settlers to people the Western Hemisphere and Africa, known as colonization , was marked by the same attitude of assumed superiority on the part of the newcomers toward the native populations that prevailed where the Europeans merely took over control without large-scale settlements. For centuries, numerous European powers have plundered & terrorised the non-European world treating with contempt the people of different skin colour, cultures, philosophies, religions, languages, way of life. The conquered nations had to give up their own culture, their religions, even their languages, and convert to our set of beliefs and values that we defined as â€Å"civilized†. Where they didn’t settle, the imperialists carved out colonies across the globe and plundered their natural resources using cheap native labour. Resource rich or strategically located areas were singled out for special attention. Along with this, strict segregation was enforced between the races by living conditions, wages and public services. No country or remotest island was left to develop to its own accord. The Colonial powers of Europe ruled with an iron fist as they slowly consumed the nations of the world. From the 15th to the 17th century, the Portuguese and the Dutch built â€Å"trading empires† in Africa and the East for the exploitation of the resources and commerce with lands already developed. The Spanish and Portuguese established important colonies in the New World in the 16th and 17th cents., hoping to exploit the mineral wealth of the lands they conquered. The British and French imperialists became the foremost exemplars of colonial settlement in Africa and the East. Acting on mercantilist principles (see mercantilism ), the European nations in the 18th cent. attempted to regulate the trade of their colonies in the interests of the mother count... ...der to lead them to a higher level of civilization and culture. Among the leading critics of imperialism at that time were the Marxists, who saw imperialism as the ultimate stage of capitalism and made much of the connection between imperialist rivalries and war. After World War I, anti-imperialist feeling grew rapidly throughout the world, sparked by the development of movements for national liberation within subject countries. Nevertheless the major colonialist powers, Great Britain, France, and others, held on to their colonies, while Fascist governments in Italy and Germany, as well as militarist opinion in Japan, fostered even more extreme imperialist aims. In the years since World War II, most of the countries once subject to Western control have achieved independence. Much of the contemporary debate centers on the issue of neo-imperialism. Many of the less developed countries contend that their economic development is largely controlled and seriously retarded by the developed countries, both through unfair trading practices and by a lack of controls over international business corporations. So to this day there is still a struggle of power between the strong and the weak.

The Female Prototype: Formal Analysis of Wangechi Mutu’s

The Female Prototype: Formal Analysis of Wangechi Mutu’s Tiny Split Character As you walk up the cold, concrete steps, it looms above you, intimidating and inviting all at the same time. A wall of windows gives you an intimate peek before entering, without showing too much, heightening the anticipation. A pair of small, rotating doors, portal you into another world. The Museum of Contemporary Art’s interior is vast and simplistic, leaving a sense that the building itself is detached from the wonder it holds within its walls.Winding up the stairs and through the showrooms, the pieces almost come to life against the stark white walls. Moving through Seeing Is a Kind of Thinking: A Jim Nutt Companion, each section displays a theme more controversial, and complex then the next. Wangechi Mutu’s Tiny Split Character, is modest, even beautiful, among the many grotesque images surrounding it. Dark, deformed bodies, riddled with sexual innuendo, sometimes subtle, more oft en blunt, line the walls. Although Tiny Split Character, portrays the same thing, it does so gracefully, as opposed to its counterparts.Tiny Split Character depicts the figure of a woman, distorted, in an awkward, yet seductive pose. Off to her left, a tiny figure of a woman, who is distorted as well, is suspended in mid air, head bent back, leg extended. The face of the smaller woman has a masculine feel, with an eerily large smile slapped across it. Her pose and facial expression gives the sense of freedom, an almost carefree demeanor. Armless, breasts exposed, and stiletto heels complete this misshapen representation of female sexuality. The larger woman looks at the smaller one with big, beautiful, eyes almost longingly.Perhaps the tiny woman is a representation of what, and who, the larger woman wants to be. Maybe even who she use to be, before she became a victim to the exploitation and misrepresentation of woman in society. Luscious lips are the only other human characteristi c enhancing her face. The larger woman is contrived with more oddities then her ideological interpretation. Gears and mechanical parts comprise her shoulders and part of her chest, showing the machine she has become, but also showing strength, and her indestructible nature.Flowers adorn her, softening her machinery and warped body while showing a soft, feminine side, without subjugating it. A tattered, purple garment is the only thing covering her lower half, purple being the color of royalty. Her body is nearly completely covered in holes. Maybe her facade is fading, or maybe she is literally falling apart, finally dissolving under the constant pressure and scrutiny. Her trunk is composed of a sickening green color, possibly representing the sickness at her core. A disease that is consuming her and other women alike.Wangechi Mutu has said that, â€Å"Females carry the marks, language and nuances of their culture more than the male. Anything that is desired or despised is always pl aced on the female body,† (Kerr par. 4). A red streak washes over her side, cascading from her waist, down her hip, and on to her thigh, accentuating her curves, and again playing up her sexuality. The finishing touch, manicured hands and stiletto heels. All this against a simple white background, darkness encroaching the top center and corners. Wangechi Mutu uses, â€Å"magazine images of women and makes them almost monstrous.Her figures boast transplanted eyes that seem too large, too small, too far apart or too close together to be human,† (Croal par. 1). Tiny Split Character is an abstract piece of art, representing the female form. She selected certain aspects she saw and either exaggerated or highlighted them to get her message across. Politi examines how her creative process begins â€Å"with accidental splattering† that eventually â€Å"build up layers of materials† (par. 3). The artist chooses to use sheets of cut Mylar, â€Å"a non-absorptive sy nthetic material† (Roach par. ) on which she is able to manipulate ink and acrylic paint into splotches and colliding pools. Mutu sorts through mass-produced images of women and cuts â€Å"them into fragments; eyes, lips, manicured nails, and stiletto-clad feet† (Roach par. 3) before she begins assembling her creations. Her cyborgs are finally able to come to life when she arranges them on the walls and floors of her studio. These painted forms usually depict the bodies, or body parts, of her abstract figures. After the bodies have been assembled Mutu accentuates this image with various elements such as â€Å"jewels and lush paint colors† (Macsweeney par. ). Mutu’s use of unlikely elements gives the women in the image the effect of a glamorous, yet barbaric centerfold. In fact, Mutu’s â€Å"gruesome gods and goddesses are born out of [her] chaotic process† (Politi par. 2). The black shading along the top of the picture almost gives the illusi on of the women as a light source, as her grisly forms seem to be almost glowing against the darkness. This highlighting the stereotypes and criticism a woman must endure on a day to day basis. The artist’s inconsistent layering patterns further stress the conflicting factors of the so-called perfect body.The use of a collage allows Mutu to intrigue the audience physically and conceptually by using layered depth within her artwork. She attempts â€Å"to trap her viewers with layers of visual metaphors that forc[e] them to question assumptions about race, gender, geography, history and beauty† (Croal par. 1). As an artist, she strives to break down the barriers that are meant to stifle the progress of women in society. Mutu’s obscure characters are composed of numerous elements that represent, overrule, and reconfigure â€Å"each potential weakness† that relate to the expected â€Å"role of women† (Murnik par. ). The artist decides to depict women i n this manner in hopes of integrating strength and revision into her pieces of art so that the previous perception of women is no longer quintessential. Tiny Split Characters’ accent colors tie into the overall color scheme. Mutu’s visual elements which are mainly that of earth tones and complementary colors, as she uses yellow, purple, red, and green at different intensities. At the same time it can be considered somewhat analagous as the colors range from red-orange, to orange, to yellow-orange.The same goes for her use ranging from green to purple. Her use of color gives the overall tone of a simple yet enchanting creature. Something that is both natural and manmade. This idea is supported by her insertion of gears and other machinery in the picture. It represents the contradiction and dualistic nature of women. On one hand there is our natural self. On the other there is what society says we should be and what society says we should look like. Women are torn, betwe en who they really are, and who they are pressured to become.Perhaps there is a way that the woman portrayed in Tiny Split Character can balance the two. What Mutu is trying to show is that there is a way, by expanding societies’ definition of beauty, so women can stay as pure and organic as they chose to be. In addition to color, Mutu uses texture through layering and collage in Tiny Split Character to create visual interest and depth. Pattern can be seen as well with the repetitive holes engrossing the larger woman’s body. Mutu uses the principle of asymmetrical balance to dramatize the opposition between who the woman has become and who the woman use to be.However, despite the symmetry imbalance, they both seem to come together to make another separate whole. Insinuating a oneness between the two, that possibly the woman she was has never left, she has simply taken a back seat to the woman she is now. The blank background creates a lack of depth so that our sole foc us is on the interpretation of the women in front of us. The hierarchal scale between the larger and smaller woman leads us to believe the smaller woman is a separate entity. One will naturally originally wonder who the smaller woman is in relation to the larger woman.Her size suggests that she is of less importance then the larger woman. Perhaps she is her conscience, maybe even the representation of her basic, animalistic, desires that are taunting her to do the wrong thing. Upon further analysis of the picture, and taking account the title, Tiny Split Character, it is then that we realize that she is, in fact, a part of the larger woman. She is smaller because society has constantly belittled who she originally was, who she actually yearns to be. Media tells her that her former self is not as important as the public image she is trying to maintain.Despite her downplay, without the smaller woman, the larger woman would not be whole. In conclusion, Wangechi Mutu’s Tiny Split Character, is an homage to women everywhere. It’s strikingly bizarre, and disgusting design, destroys ideals and makes a mockery of female stereotypes. The Museum of Contemporary Art has created a wonderful showcase with Seeing Is a Kind of Thinking, for it truly is. Mutu uses color, collage, balance, scale, texture, pattern, and depth that invokes wonder, amazement, and horror. Molds are broken, history and traditions evolve with Tiny Split Character.Mutu’s aligned image capitalizes on the contradictions of role expectations: western media ideal, sex goddess, and natural woman. The images also allude to the repercussions of female exploitation. The longing to be who you truly are, along with the fact that women cannot mask their true selves forever are all elements of this beautiful masterpiece that so eloquently portrays a woman’s dilemma and strife. Bibliography â€Å"Biography. † Saatachi Gallery: London Contemporary Art Gallery. 2 Mar. 2011. Croal, Ada. â€Å"The Africana QA: Artist Wangechi Mutu† Africana . 12 Feb. 2004. 8 March 2011. Fong, P. â€Å"Wangechi Mutu†. Modern Painters Vol. 20 No. 4. May 2008. 12 March 2011 Gladstone, Barbara. â€Å"Biography†. Gladstone Gallery. Unknown Date. 16 March 2011. Kerr, Merrily. â€Å"Wangechi Mutu’s Extreme Makeovers. † Art on Paper, Vol. 8, No. 6.July/ August 2004. 21 March 2011. < http://www. akrylic. com/contemporary_art_article73. htm> Macsweeney, Eve. â€Å"A Fertile Mind† Vogue. Apr. 2009: 190. Health Reference Center Academic. Web. 22 Mar. 2011. Politi, G. Wangechi Mutu [Exhibit]. Flash Art (International Edition) Vol. 41 March/April 2008. 22 March 2011. Roach, Jill. â€Å"Indepth Arts News†. Absolute Arts. 16 Dec. 2005. 14 April 2011.

Introduction Essays (664 words) - Termination Of Employment

Introduction Essays (664 words) - Termination Of Employment Introduction Bank of Maldives Plc (BML) is the national bank of the Maldives , established on November 11, 1982. The main business of the bank is retail banking , in addition to handling development banking activities in all the atolls . Its services include electronic banking , loan facilities, credit cards and debit cards . BML has 27 branches, including four in Male, the capital, one in Ibrahim Nasir International Airport ( Hulhule ' Island) and one each in both Villingili ward and Hulhumale LO 4.1 Reasons for cessation of employment. Retirement The voluntary termination of employment upon reaching a certain age. Applying to drafts to redeem by paying out sum of money, to withdraw from the market by buying back a voluntary leaving of public office or other form of employment, a leaving the court room by the jury to consider the case or by the judge to her chambers Reasons for retirement in bank of Maldives are due to the age of the employee, that is 65 years but if the employee is willing to work they can stay in the organization but that is also if there was not enough employees in the organization to take his/her position. Resignation; Resignation is the process by which an employee gives notice of his or her intention to terminate the employment. There are several reasons for employment resignations. They are: In bank of Maldives the reasons that are being used are due to the long working hours, and not getting enough salary and also the employees can't spend the time with their family due to long hours of work. Employees feeling underappreciated- the organization not reminding the employees their contributions are a value to the organization. Workload- due to the heavy workload employees tend to resign Job offers- due to the better job offers employees tend to leave their job Strict rules and regulations- If the employee is late for work their salary will be deducted and if the employee get absent for the work for three days they will be dismissed. Illness- due to the illness that makes the job impossible for the employee to do the job To go to abroad for a better education dues to not getting opportunities for further education in Bank of Maldives. Redundancy Dismissal Dismissal simply means termination of employment by the employer. There must be a good reason for a dismissal and the dismissal must be carries out fairly otherwise the employee may have a personal grievance claim against the employee. Can be dismissed for gross misconduct without the employer going through the normal disciplinary procedures. This can happen if the employee is violent towards a colleague, to a customer or to the property of the organization. Illness- can be dismissed if the employee have an illness that can make the job to be impossible to do. If an employee is dismissed he/she has the right to ask the employer for a written statement of the reasons for dismissal. This requests can be made up to 60 days after they find out about the dismissal. The employer must provide the written statement within 14 days of such a request. If not the employee may consequently be able to raise a grievance after the required 90 day limitation period. A substantial reason- you may be dismissed fairly if you are sent to prison LO 4.2 Employment Exit procedures for Resignation This procedure is a guide for Bank of Maldives staff in managing the cessation of a staff member's employment with the organization. The employee exit procedure is followed to ensure both bank of Maldives and the employee understand the reason for discontinuing the employment, that no security breaches occur and to gain valuable feedback from the departing employee. Procedure steps https://www.paperrater.com/plagiarism_checker studymode.com/essays/The-Fhisr-Exit-Strategy-1814973.html http://mob.mhcc.org.au/media/1225/hr-staff-resignation-termination-procedure-2012-12-12.pdf http:// www.nada.org.au/media/15324/staffresignationterminationprocedure.doc

Gender and Human Rights

Gender and Human Rights Human of Rights Guaranteed by the Constitution and being inalienable since the birth of an individual, human rights still remain on the global agenda (Hessler 2). The concept of a Human of Rights introduced by Foucault in 1950s, and also referred to as humanity is traditionally defined as a â€Å"floating signifier† (Douzinas 4) and is related directly to the idea of human rights.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Gender and Human Rights specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The specified definition of the concept, however, is rather loose, as the notion embraces the issues such as the provision of human rights, the basic principles of equality, etc. (Douzinas 5). Gender and Human Rights Connecting the subject matter to gender, one must admit that the concept of the human of rights cannot be applied to women in its entirety yet (Davidson 58). Due to the bigoted laws and the prejudices that persist in the society desp ite numerous awareness campaigns, women’s rights are infringed on a regular basis due to imperfect laws and the biased regulations. The lack of equality can be observed even in the countries that have progressed significantly in terms of promotion of human rights to all denizens of the population (Cook 39). Defined Right More importantly, the challenges, which women are forced to fight because of the flaws of the current legal system, are predetermined by social prejudices to a considerable extent. Researches show that the â€Å"politics surrounding women’s human rights† (Steans 75) are, in fact, enhanced by the stereotype of women as housewives (Cook 20) and result in women being labeled as unauthorized for â€Å"bodily autonomy and control over sexuality and reproductive choice specifically† (Steans 75). At this point, the issue of a defined right deserves to be mentioned. It is assumed that a right becomes defined once the corresponding law is issued, and the required changes are made to the legislation so that the current regulations should promote freedoms to all citizens and that a specific stratum of the population should be provided with equal opportunities. The integration of a defined right into the framework of a particular society, however, is likely to take a significant amount of time. Defined Right and Culture The problem in question can be spotted in gender relations easily. Although it is guaranteed constitutionally that women are entitled to the same set of rights that men are, the latter still enjoy more privileges, especially when the lack of equity between men and women is predetermined by the predominant philosophical principles of the society or its religious postulates.Advertising Looking for essay on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Particularly, in some states, women are completely deprived of their basic human rights, which c learly is an issue of major concern. The life of Muslim women is a graphic example of the phenomenon in question; although Muslim women are supposed to have the same rights as men do, â€Å"In the name of Islam, women are subjected to cruel and horrible practices† (Ali 2). Even though the basic principles of equity were established quite a while on a global level, women still experience much more social pressure and injustice based on prejudice than men. Hence, the gender issue is yet to be resolved in the contemporary society. To be more exact, women have to be provided with their rights to be equal; these rights concern not only the political choices, such as the right to vote but also the need to be accepted in the society as an equal member thereof. Ali, Ayaan Hirshi. The Caged Virgin. London, UK: CBS Company, 2006. Print. Cook, Rebecca J. Human Rights of Women: National and International Perspectives. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012. P rint. Davidson, Judy. â€Å"Sporting Homonationalisms: Sexual Exceptionalism, Queer Privilege, and the 21st Century International Lesbian and Gay Sport Movement.† Sociology of Sport Journal 30.1(2013): 57-83. Print. Douzinas, Costas. â€Å"The Many Faces of Humanitarianism.† Parrhesia 2.1 (2007): 1–28. Print. Hessler, Kristen 2010, Political Legitimacy and Women’s Human Rights. PDF file. Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Gender and Human Rights specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Steans, Jill. â€Å"Body Politics: Gender, Sexuality and Rights.† Gender Matters in Global Politics: A Feminist Introduction into International Relations. Ed. Laura J. Sheperd. New York City, New York: Routledge, 2010. 74–84. Print.

Limited partnership in USA and Uk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Limited partnership in USA and Uk - Essay Example In both countries, the formation of a limited partnership is between two or more persons with the same business objective. The general idea behind a limited partnership is that; there is at least one partner who will bear the full burden of the partnership’s debt, while at least one partner will be dormant. The dormant partner will only bear a portion of the partnership’s debt; that is, up to his/her contribution to the partnership’s capital. Limited partners shall not have any managerial authority. The UK law on limited partnership sets out some clear restrictions on the passive partners. These partners shall not (Osborne, 2002): If the limited partners fail to adhere to the above restrictions, they shall bear all the debts of the business up to the amount drawn out, while participating in the management of the company. The UK company law makes it clear that one cannot be both a general partner and a limited partner at the same time. Any individual or a legal body can become a partner in a limited partnership, either as a general partner or as a limited partner. Both countries require that a limited partnership be registered to ensure that it is not for fraudulent activities. In the UK, all partners in a limited partnership are equally liable for any debts incurred until registration (Osborne, 2002). In Saudi Arabia, joint partnerships will only be considered as legal after registration. Every joint partnership formed and registered under the country’s company law shall be regarded as a Jordanian corporate institution. According to the article (42) of company law; a partnership address should only consist of the general partners’ names. If a limited partner’s name is mentioned in the address, he/she ceases to be a passive partner. He/she becomes a general partner with the full responsibility of the business’ liabilities. The appropriate name should

An Important Place in My Life Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

An Important Place in My Life - Assignment Example I like this place because of its eccentric nature and the representation of an undying love that was shown by the Emperor. It is evident that the Emperor wanted to honor his three wives to show the world the importance of marriage (DuTemple, 2003). Although it is located in India, the structure comprises of Persian and Mughal architectural drawings. The building is in the shape a white marble tomb with other amazing features that represent the theme of love. Situated in a cool environment where tourists can easily access it without causing congestion within the city, the place registers many visitors each year. The atmosphere is serene and police officers ensure people do not cause damage to the features in the tomb (Arnold, Comora & Bhushan, 2007). As a result, Taj Mahal is an international heritage that deserves the respect and admiration of all people across the world. The symbolic design and nature of the building manifest the love message that Shah wanted to convey through architecture. Similarly, the white marbles normally change color because of the sunlight or moonlight rays that strike the surface. This marvelous site is a symbol of India’s history that made the construction to receive an honor of being among the world heritage locations. I still appreciate the marble domes and the golden finials around the tombs. The notion of combining different art elements from the Indian and Persian inspirations makes the tombs to have a distinct feature (Arnold, Comora & Bhushan, 2007). The other aspect that makes Taj Mahal my favorite place is that love inspires people to appreciate their partners. The place attracts newly married couples who go there for honeymoon sessions. The moments and stories about that place inspire people to appreciate their loved ones by being creative when presenting their gifts to the partners (DuTemple, 2003).  

Nile river Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nile river - Essay Example The river is not only thought to have meant different things to the different countries of its basin, but also to have deeply intrigued the wider world. On the one hand it’s widely perceived as â€Å"Egypt’s lifeline† ever since the days of the earliest Pharaohs, which is best described by the well-known statement of the Greek historian Herodotus – â€Å"Egypt is the gift of the Nile† – uttered in 460 BC (Martinon 53). On the other hand, the Nile plays a crucial economic, political and cultural role nowadays, and its importance is considered greater than ever, with over 300 million people depending on the river for drinking water, irrigation, etc. (Tvedt 1). The Importance of Nile for the Nile Basin States and Societies As Tvedt points out, water has been the principal concern of humanity ever since the dawn of civilization, with most of the population living on the banks of large rivers, like Euphrates and Tigris, Ganges, Indus, Nile, etc.; not surprisingly therefore, the consecutive societies have been fundamentally shaped by that fact since the times of Sumer (2). No international river basin, however, has more complex and eventful history, either in terms of water politics and their impact on the respective societies or in terms of actors involved, than the Nile’s valley (Tvedt 3). On the other hand, it was the twentieth century, or the period of European imperialism, with its rapid technological and scientific advance that actually brought about a revolution in the conceptualization planning and use of Nile’s waters, and had far-reaching implications for the development of the Nile basin region. Being home to many polities, including â€Å"a number of kingdoms of various degrees of stability and forms of administrative machinery†, the Nile valley was both culturally and religiously diverse when the British took control over it (Tvedt 5). In northern and central Sudan – under the Mahdiâ⠂¬â„¢s rule – the irrigated agriculture had played rather modest role of economic importance, as against trade; while to the southeast, the islands of Lake Tana housed one of the world centers of the Coptic Church (Tvedt 6). Thus, according to Tvedt, there had not been processes of economic and cultural homogenization, but rather, the various Nile environments framed, although partly, many different â€Å"special patterns of man-river relationships and forms of regional identification† (6). The Importance of Nile for the Transformation of Egypt into a Modern State Although being a relatively short period in the overall history of the Nile, the years of the British colonial expansion into the Nile valley could be considered the first time when the river became conceptualized as a political and hydrological planning unit (Tvedt 7). During that period various actors, besides the British imperial system, got involved in what Tvedt calls â€Å"a great drama of Nile politic s and river-valley development† – Egyptian kings and nationalists, Ethiopian emperors and priests, Nilotic cattle herders, Mussolini, Eisenhower, Gamal Abdel Nasser, etc. (7). Insofar as the British played the major role, it’

Organizational structures Essay Example for Free

Organizational structures Essay Organizations have distinct structures for organizing business entities. An organization can be of different structures depending upon size of the business organization. The complexity in organizing demands segregating the responsibilities. The important organizations structures are pre-bureaucratic, bureaucratic, Functional, Divisional and post bureaucratic structures. Pre-bureaucratic organization has typically small management team, typically one man show format, low on profits and easy to organize. Bureaucratic organizations has a complex organization structure, large business entity with varied functions to take of, the decision making process needs to run in hierarchical phase and it may delay the decision making process. Functional organization is concerned with large organizations with different entities. A FMCG company may have toilet soaps, detergents, cosmetics etc is a perfect example of functional structure. The organizational structure will have more freedom to product enhancement. Cross functional organizing will be difficult to organize. Matrix organization segregates distinct functional profiles and organizational operational aspects. Different departments will separately work on a specific project like the engineering, marketing, operations and administration. Post organizational structure deals with the unique features of an organizational which are having virtual importance than the conventional organizational responsibilities. The functions like the quality management, employee benefits and cross cultural management are taken into account. Not many organizations can bear the non revenue profiles like the above as these facilities are expensive and complex to implement.

Desiderius Erasmus, the Great Humanist :: Biography Biographies Essays

Desiderius Erasmus, the Great Humanist Desiderius Erasmus was one of the great humanists. He was well educated and practice scholasticism. He was also a great writer, who wrote books of many types. He is even called the greatest European scholar of the 16th century (Britannica Macropedia). He was also courageous, as he criticized the Church harshly. It was said by R. C. Trench that "Erasmus laid the egg of the Reformation and Luther hatched it." Erasmus was the illegitimate son of a priest named Gerard. This fact would haunt him for his entire life. He feared that, if this fact was widely known, his life would be ruined. Therefore, there has been much confusion about his early life. It has been discerned that he as born in Gouda, Holland in 1469 and that he had a brother. Erasmus tried to keep all these facts hidden, confusing modern day historians. He died in 1536. Erasmus's writings included The Praise of Folly, a satire which pointed out major problems in the clergy, saying that monks were beggars, the clergy was greedy, and that the pope had no resemblance to the Apostles. He also wrote a short satirical skit in which Pope Julius II had trouble getting into heaven. In the skit, Pope Julius II is made out to be more of a Muslim than a Catholic. Writing this had to take considerable courage, for, though the Church was in decline, it still had considerable power. He also published the Greek version of the New Testament in Latin, so Europeans could read it. Erasmus was a traveller. He lived in many places in Europe at different times. He had lived in Rome, Paris, England, and many other European countries. His worked as a writer, but was dependant on gifts of nobles as most writers of the time were. In his travels he befriended many humanists. Erasmus became a humanist because of his education. He studied both ancient Greek and Latin. He had tried to be monk and a priest, but could not. He went to Paris where he mastered Latin. He received a good education there. This education, combined with his morality, made him a great humanist. He had both the knowledge and the ethics to criticize the Church (a person who lacked ethics and criticized the Church would be a hypocrite). Surprisingly, Erasmus was both tolerant and a pacifist. He, apparently, picked up these traits when in England.

Tender Mercies Essay -- essays research papers

'Tender Mercies,'; written by Horton Foote, is a screenplay, which presents to the reader ordinary people, who are trying to live decently in an unpredictable and violent world. The reader comes to be aware of many dramatic scenes where the central characters have come to experience many complex but yet fascinating situations in their lives. Reading this screenplay the reader will come to acknowledge one of the centralized themes in 'Tender Mercies,'; which is the theme of redemption. For those who are unaware of the word, redemption as it applies to the screenplay 'Tender Mercies'; is the literary word meaning to be saved or saving someone from an experience or a situation. The reader can observe this redemption at various times through many characters, such as: Mac, Rosa Lee, Sunny, and Dixie. Each one of these characters has been redeemed by other characters or has been the redeemer of other characters. Thus, in the paragraphs to proceed, the reader will be introduced to these exa ct characters and to the situations from which these characters were redeemed from or whom they had redeemed. Alongside, the reader will also come to recognize how this theme provides the clearest reason why 'Tender Mercies'; is neither a Tragedy nor Pathos. As mentioned above, one of the centralized themes in 'Tender Mercies'; is the theme of redemption and that it can be seen through many characters, of whom is Mac. In the beginning of this screenplay, Mac is viewed as a person with a drinkin...

Employee Diversity Assignment

Employee Diversity Contents: 1. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2 2. Advantages of employee diversity to organization†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 1. Advantage of Language diversity†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦2-3 2. Advantage of Gender diversity†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 3. Advantage of Age diversity†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3-4 3. The problem of employee diversity†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦4 1. Communication problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4-5 2. Gender discrimination problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 4. Solutions to the problem of employee diversity†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5-6 1. Solutions of communication†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 2.Solutions of gender discrimination†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 5. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6-7 Reference†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦8 1. Introduction: The employee diversity can be defined as the employment of people with different qualities and back grounds. The most fundamental of the definition of employee diversity are focus on race, gender, nationality, age. According to (Nancy R, June 2005), fast technological change, g lobalization, the demand for skills and education, an aging workforce and greater ethnic diversification in the labor market have greatly influenced the arrangement of diversity today.Today’s definition of employee diversity includes race, age, ethnicity, gender or personality and work style, secondary influence such as religion, socioeconomics and education. Nowadays, employee diversity is very population the work place. It has advantages also accompanied by the disadvantages. 2. Advantages of employee diversity to the organizations 2. 1. Advantage of Language diversity: In the organization if the employees are speaking different languages, it may bring some benefits to the organization.For example, in the one company if the staffs speak not only one language, when the company need some staff to go overseas to join some meetings or do some inspections and research. So the company can only pick up some staffs that can speak those countries’ languages and send them for the meetings or inspections instead of find out some translators or even spend money to hire some consultants. It really can save the expenditure for the company. Nowadays, if a company want to be succeed, it really need to be able to better integrate into this world and also need to broaden their horizons.The employees are the main force of the company; their performances are really affecting the company’s future. The employees’ language diversity can help the company to explore more overseas markets and make them more competitive. 2. 2. Advantage of Gender diversity Gender diversity also has its own advantages for organization. In an era, people change their ways of thinking the gender diversity in the work place. They realized that not only men can do every work in the work place. Now, women are becoming more and more important in organization. Nowadays women have the skill set for the new competitive demands of technical work.Companies agree that they need more tec hnical leaders with varied skills such as interpersonal skills and business skills. 93% of technical leaders in a survey indentified the building of collaborative networks in an organization as a crucial component of leadership (White, B, 2006). Women have the skills to meet the new demands of technological work both in terms of technical and interpersonal skills (Tray, L, 2007). Of course interpersonal skills are really needed in the organization; it is very useful and helpful for running the organization.All those show that women are indeed more suitable for certain parts of organization. These are also the advantages of gender diversity. 2. 3. Advantage of Age diversity Age diversity has its own advantages in the workplace. Nowadays in the work place, there are many different age levels of workers. One part of them is old workers. More and more old workers in the work place are the current trend. Because now, people are retiring much later in life than before and their careers ar e extended in the present day.According to the research by United States Department of Labor shows that between 1977 and 2007 employment of workers 65 and over increased 101 percent, compared to a much smaller increase of 59 percent for total employment (16 and over). For those older workers they all worked long time in the work place, definitely they got more experience and knowledge than the young age workers. Those of them can transfer knowledge and experience to the new workers. It can help the organization save the expenditure for sending the new workers for training.And the old workers’ experience can help the new workers avoid some common mistakes. In the other hand, nowadays in the work place there are also many young age workers. They also can bring the benefits to the organization. Compare with older workers, younger workers are more creative and innovation. They can help the organization to make better decision and improve problem solving (Harvey, Carol P; M. June Allard, 2012). Nowadays, if the organization wants to remain competitive, it should encourage the staff to distribute a variety of ideas which leads to higher levels of innovation.This part of workers is really a new vitality of organization and they can help organization to keep up with the pace of the times. 3. The problems of employee diversity Consider the employee diversity in the work place. Besides the benefits, there are many problems come out as well. And all these problems may lead to loss for the organization. Below two problems are very common in the work place. 3. 1. Communication problem Communication barriers will lead to problems in the organization. For example, if a manager gives instructions about completing a task to a staff.But this staff fails to fully understanding the instructions because of the language barrier. And then the staff may make mistakes if he tries to complete the task without receiving clarify or even don’t know what the task it is. This problem will cause the delay of the task complete or even fail. It will really cause the losses for the company. And if during a team work, the staffs have communication problem. It will affect the efficiency of work and sometimes it will affect the relationships of the teammates.And also because of the employees may come from different countries, so they may have their own work styles and behaviors and those situations also can cause communication problems among the employees. And finally affect the organization’s benefit. 3. 2. Gender discrimination problem Gender discrimination is another very common phenomenon in the work place. According to the traditional thinking, women have been considered intellectually inferior to men and men are more capable than women at work. Thus, in the workplace, under the same conditions men will get more opportunity to be promoted than women.Same as in the management level, women’s suggestion and ideas sometimes will be ignored or una ccepted. Above phenomenon have also can led to the lack of teamwork and inefficiency work. And this is also a reason of pay-gap between male and female workers. Sometimes the gender discrimination even happened in the recruitment. During the interview men really get high chance to get the job than women. According to a survey conducted by the center for Women’s law and legal services of Peking University in 2009 (Women’s Law and Legal services, 2009).This survey researched 3,000 female employees over one year’s time and got the results by analyzing data interviewed some women employees. According to employers set different criteria in recruitment and women have to have excellent performance than their male competitors in interview to get the same job. More than 1/3 of those women said that male employees are easy to get promoted and priority is always given to male employees. This is fully illustrated gender discrimination really happened in the work place and i t becomes a big problem in the workplace. . Solutions to the problem of employee diversity Regarding the problems of employee diversity in the work place, we need to get some solutions to avoid or solve them. In case of these problems damage the interests of organization. 4. 1. Solution to communication problem: ? Training: Employees could be provided proper training to receive in certain language courses if they have language barriers. They also need to be trained how to use the organization internally information system such as telephone system, e-mail system. Set a SOP for staff to check the work has been access properly: Communication problem always caused by misunderstanding and ambiguity and finally lead to loss for the organization. The organization leaders can set some SOPs for staff to make sure the work and information has been implemented properly. In the SOPs may include the instructions of work process and double check procedures. 2. Solutions of gender discrimination: ? Set the relevant regulation of gender discriminations: Make sure the employee handbook includes anti-gender discrimination policies.Create clear examples of gender discrimination to clarify any questions employees may have. And organize the staffs review and test regularly. ? Put reflected box in the work place: In the organization it can be set the reflected box in the work place to encourage and promote the staff to reflect any problems especially the gender discrimination. Once the phenomenon happened, the organization should resolve it quickly and given the appropriate punishment. 4. Conclusion The employee diversity is a reflection of a present trend of this times. Diverse work teams can bring high value and benefit to organizations.Respecting individual differences will benefit the work place by creating a competitive edge and increase work productivity. But work diversity also causes many problems and they also can lead to loss for the organization. Therefore, we need corre ct to face and deal with the employee diversity. Words:1486 Reference †¢ Eisenberg, Eric M. ; H. L. Goodall, Jr. & Angela Trethewey (2010). Organizational Communication (6th ed. ). St. Martin's: Bedford. pp. 250–58 †¢ Harvey. Carol P; M. June Allard. Understanding and Managing Diversity(5th ed) Boston: Person. Harvey, Carol P. (2012). Understanding and Managing Diversity. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.. pp. 51–55. ISBN 0-13-255311-2 †¢ Nancy R, June 2005 , Retrieved 19 May, 2012 (http:web. ebscohost. com. ezproxy. utas. edu. ) †¢ Tay, L. IT goes soft for career oriented women. Computer World, 2007 P18-21 †¢ United States Department of Labor , July 2008, Retrieved 19 May, 2012 (http:www. dol. gov/spotlight/index. html), †¢ White, B, Leading Technical Professionals 2006, P21-22, †¢ Women’s Law and Legal Services (2009, April 16) Workers’ Daily, P. A5,A6

Earthquakes Essays - Seismology, Types Of Earthquake, Free Essays

Earthquakes Essays - Seismology, Types Of Earthquake, Free Essays Earthquakes EARTH QUAKE REFERENCE FILES EARTHQUAKE REFERENCE FILES Earthquake, shaking of the earths surface caused by rapid movement of the earths rocky outer layer. Earthquakes occur when energy stored within the earth, usually in the form of strain in rocks, suddenly releases. This energy is transmitted to the surface of the earth by earthquake waves. The study of earthquakes and the waves they create is called seismology. Scientists who study earthquakes are called seismologists. (Websters p.423) The destruction an earthquake causes, depends on its magnitude or the amount of shaking that occurs. The size varies from small imperceptible shaking, to large shocks felt miles around. Earthquakes can tear up the ground, make buildings and other structures collapse, and create tsunamis (large sea waves). Many Lives can be lost because of this destruction. (The Road to Jaramillo p.211) Several hundred earthquakes, or seismic tremors, occur per day around the world. A worldwide network of seismographs detect about one million small earthquakes per year. Very large earthquakes, such as the 1964 Alaskan earthquake, which measured 8.6 on the Richter scale and caused millions of dollars in damage, occur worldwide once every few years. Moderate earthquakes, such as the 1989 tremor in Loma Prieta, California (magnitude 7.0), and the 1995 tremor in Kbe, Japan (magnitude 6.8), occur about 20 times a year. Moderate earthquakes also cause millions of dollars in damage and can harm many people. (The Road to Jaramillo p.213-215) In the last 500 years, several million people have been killed by earthquakes around the world, including over 240,000 in the 1976 Tang-Shan, China, earthquake. Worldwide, earthquakes have also caused severe property and structural damage. Good precautions, such as education, emergency planning, and constructing stronger, more flexible structures, can limit the loss of life and decrease the damage caused by earthquakes. (The Road to Jaramillo p.213-215,263) AN EARTHQUAKES ANATOMY Seismologists examine the parts of an earthquake, like what happens to the earths surface during an earthquake, how the energy of an earthquake moves from inside the earth to the surface, and how this energy causes damage. By studying the different parts and actions of earthquakes, seismologists learn more about their effects and how to predict ground shaking in order to reduce damage. (On Shifting Ground p.109-110) Focus and Epicenter The point within the earth along the rupturing geological fault where an earthquake originates is called the focus, or hypocenter. The point on the earths surface directly above the focus is called the epicenter. Earthquake waves begin to radiate out from the focus and follow along the fault rupture. If the focus is near the surface between 0 and 70 km (0 and 40 mi.) deep shallow focus earthquakes are produced. If it is deep below the crust between 70 and 700 km (40 and 400 mi.) deep a deep focus earthquake will occur. Shallow-focus earthquakes tend to be larger, and therefore more damaging, earthquakes. This is because they are closer to the surface where the rocks are stronger and build up more strain. (The Ocean of Truth p.76 & The road to Jaramillo p.94-97) Seismologists know from observations that most earthquakes originate as shallow-focus earthquakes and most of them occur near plate boundaries areas where the earths crustal plates move against each other. Other earthquakes, including deep-focus earthquakes, can originate in subduction zones, where one tectonic plate subducts, or moves under another plate. (The Ocean of Truth p.54-56) I Faults Stress in the earths crust creates faults places where rocks have moved and can slip, resulting in earthquakes. The properties of an earthquake depend strongly on the type of fault slip, or movement along the fault, that causes the earthquake. Geologists categorize faults according to the direction of the fault slip. The surface between the two sides of a fault lies in a plane, and the direction of the plane is usually not vertical; rather it dips at an angle into the earth. When the rock hanging over the dipping fault plane slips downward into the ground, the fault is called a normal fault. When the hanging wall slips upward in relation to the bottom wall, the fault is called a reverse fault or a thrust fault. Both normal and reverse faults produce vertical displacements, or the upward movement of one side of the fault above the other side, that appear at the surface as fault scarps. Strike slip faults are another type of fault that produce horizontal displacements, or the side by side sliding movement of the fault, such as seen along the